Reference List

Scientific base for a nutritional (supplement) therapy for Cardiomyopathy (Heart Failure). This information (and any accompanying printed material) is not intended to replace the attention or advice of a physician or other health care professional. Anyone who wishes to embark on any dietary, drug, exercise, or other lifestyle change intended to prevent or treat a specific disease or condition should first consult with and seek clearance from a qualified health care professional.

This information (and any accompanying printed material) is not intended to replace the attention or advice of a physician or other health care professional. Anyone who wishes to embark on any dietary, drug, exercise, or other lifestyle change intended to prevent or treat a specific disease or condition should first consult with and seek clearance from a qualified health care professional.

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Reference articles

Co-Q10 Articles

1. Gian Paolo Littarru (1994) Energy and Defense. Facts and perspectives on CoenzymeQ10 in biology and medicine. Casa Editrice Scientifica Internazionale, pp 1-91.
2. Crane F.L., Hatefi Y., Lester R.I., Widmer C. (1957) Isolation of a quinone from beef heart mitochondria. In: Biochimica et Biophys. Acta, vol. 25, pp 220-221.
3. Morton R.A., Wilson G.M., Lowe J.S., Leat W.M.F. (1957) Ubiquinone. In: Chemical Industry, pp 1649.
4. Mellors A., Tappel A.L. (1966) Quinones and quinols as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Lipids, vol. 1, pp 282-284.
5. Mellors A., Tappel A.L. (1966) The inhibition of mitochondrial peroxidation by ubiquinone and ubiquinol. J. Biol. Chem., vol. 241, pp 4353-4356.
6. Littarru G.P., Ho L., Folkers K. (1972) Deficiency of Coenzyme Q10 in human heart disease. Part I and II. In: Internat. J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 42, n. 2, 291:42, n. 3:413.
7. Mitchell P. (1976) Possible molecular mechanisms of the protonmotive function of cytochrome systems. In: J. Theoret. Biol., vol. 62, pp 327-367.
8. Mitchell P. (1991) The vital protonmotive role of coenzyme Q. In: Folkers K., Littarru G.P., Yamagami T. (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 6, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 3-10.
9. Mitchell P. (1988) Respiratory chain systems in theory and practice. In: Advances in Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, Kim C.H., et al. (eds), Plenum Press, New York, pp 25-52.
10. Mitchell P. (1979) Kelin's respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences. In: Journal Science, vol. 206, pp 1148-1159.
11. Ernster L. (1977) Facts and ideas about the function of coenzyme Q10 in the Mitochondria. In: Folkers K., Yamamura Y. (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 15-8.
12. Littarru G.P., Lippa S., Oradei A., Fiorni R.M., Mazzanti L. Metabolic and diagnostic implications of blood CoQ10 levels. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 6 (1991) Folkers K., Yamagami T., and Littarru G. P. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 167-178.
13. Ghirlanda G., Oradei A., Manto A., Lippa S., Uccioli L., Caputo S., Greco A.V., Littarru G.P. (1993) Evidence of Plasma CoQ10 - Lowering Effect by HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: A double blind , placebo-controlled study. Clin. Pharmocol., J. 33, 3, 226-229.
14. Folkers K., Langsjoen Per H.,Willis R., Richardson P., Xia L.,Ye C., Tamagawa H. (1990) Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. Vol. 87, pp.8931-8934.
15. Folkers K., Vadhanavikit S., Mortensen S.A. (1985) Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., vol. 82(3), pp 901-904.
16. Mortensen S.A., Vadhanavikit S., Folkers K. (1984) Deficiency of coenzyme Q10 in myocardial failure. In: Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res. X(7) 497-502.
17. Hiasa Y., Ishida T., Maeda T., Iwanc K., Aihara T., and Mori H. (1984) Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 4 (1984) Folkers K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 291-301.
18. Kamikawa T., Kobayashi A., Yamashita T., Hayashi H., and Yamazaki N. (1985) Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina pectoris. In: Am. J. Cardiol.; 56:247-251.
19. Langsjoen Per.H., Vadhanavikit S., Folkers K. (1985) Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10. In: Proc. Natl. Acad. of Sci., U.S.A., vol. 82, pp 4240-4244.
20. Judy W.V., Hall J.H., Toth P.D., Folkers K. (1986) Double blind-double crossover study of coenzyme Q10 in heart failure. In: Folkers K., Yamamura Y. (eds) Biomedical and clinical aspects of coenzyme Q, vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 315-323.
21. Rossi E., Lombardo A., Testa M., Lippa S., Oradei A., Littarru G.P., Lucente M. Coppola E., Manzoli U. Coenzyme Q10 in ischaemic cardiopathy. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 6 (1991) Folkers K., Yamagami T., and Littarru G. P. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 321-326.
22. Morisco C., Trimarco B., Condorelli M. Effect of coenzyme Q10 therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: A long-term multicenter randomized study. In: Seventh International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q Folkers K., Mortensen S.A., Littarru G.P., Yamagami T., and Lenaz G. (eds) The Clinical Investigator, (1993) 71:S 34-S 136.
23. Schneeberger W., Muller-Steinwachs J., Anda L.P., Fuchs W., Zilliken F., Lyson K., Muratsu K., and Folkers K. A clinical double blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10 on patients with cardiac disease. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 5 (1986) Folkers K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 325-333.
24. Schardt F., Welzel D., Schiess W., and Toda K. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on ischaemia-induced ST-segment depression: A double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 6 (1991) Folkers K., Yamagami T., and Littarru G. P. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 385-403.
25. Swedberg K., Hoffman-Berg C., Rehnqvist N., Astrom H. (1991) Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive in treatment of congestive heart failure. In: 64th Scientific Sessions American Heart Association, Abstract 774-6.
26. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. (1977) Folkers K., Yamamura Y. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-315.
27. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol. 2 (1980) Yamamura Y., Folkers K., and Ito Y. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-456.
28. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol. 3 (1981) Folkers K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-414.
29. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q , Vol. 4 (1983) Folkers K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-432.
30. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol. 5 (1986) Folkers K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-410.
31. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol. 6 (1991) Folkers K., Yamagami T., and Littarru G. P. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-555.
32. Seventh International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1993) Folkers K., Mortensen S.A., Littarru G.P., Yamagami T., and Lenaz,G. (eds) The Clinical Investigator, Supplement to Vol.71 / Issue 8, pp S51-S177.
33. Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1994) Littarru G.P., Battino M. , Folkers K. (Eds) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Vol. 15 (Supplement), pp S1-S294.
34. Spigset O. (1994) Reduced effect of warfarin caused by ubidecarenone. Lancet Nov 12 Vol. 344, pp. 8933.
35. Mortensen S.A., Vadhanavikit S., Folkers K. (1984) Deficiency of coenzyme Q10 in myocardial failure. In: Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res., vol. X(7), pp 497-502.
36. Mortensen S.A., Vadhanavikit S., Baandrup U., Folkers K. (1985) Long term coenzyme Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of resistant myocardial failure. In: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., vol.11(8), pp 581-593.
37. Langsjoen P.H., Folkers K., Lyson K., Muratsu K., Lyson T., Langsjoen P. H. Effective and safe therapy with coenzyme Q10 for cardiomyopathy. In: Klin. Wochenschr. (1988) 66:583-593.
38. Langsjoen P. H., Langsjoen, P. H., Folkers, K. (1989) Long term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In: The American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 65, pp 521 - 523.
39. Mortensen S.A., Vadhanavikit S., Muratsu K., Folkers K. (1990) Coenzyme Q10: Clinical benefits with biochemical correlates suggesting a scientific breakthrough in the management of chronic heart failure. In: Int. J. Tissue React., Vol. 12 (3), pp 155-162.
40. Ursini T., Gambini C., Paciaroni E., and Littarru G.P. Coenzyme Q10 treatment of heart failure in the elderly: Preliminary results. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 6 (1991) Folkers K., Yamagami T., and Littarru G. P. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 473-480.
41. Poggessi L., Galanti G., Comeglio M., Toncelli L., Vinci M. (1991) Effect of coenzyme Q10 on left ventricular function in patients with dilative cardiomyopathy. Curr. Ther. Res. 49:878-886.
42. Langsjoen H.A., Langsjoen P. H., Langsjoen P. H., Willis R., Folkers K. (1994) Usefulness of coenzyme Q10 in clinical cardiology, a long-term study. In: Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Littarru G.P., Battino M. , Folkers K. (Eds) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Vol. 15 (Supplement), pp S165-S175.
43. Baggio E., Gandini R., Plancher A.C., Passeri M., Carmosino G. Italian multicenter study on safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 adjunctive therapy in heart failure. In: Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1994) Littarru G.P., Battino M. , Folkers K. (Eds) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Vol. 15 (Supplement), pp S287-S294.
44. Langsjoen Per H., Langsjoen Peter H., Folkers K. Isolated diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium and its response to CoQ10 treatment. In: Seventh International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Folkers, K., Mortensen S.A., Littarru G.P., Yamagami T., and Lenaz G. (eds) The Clinical Investigator, (1993) 71:S 140-S 144.
45. Oda T. Recovery of the Frank-Starling mechanism by coenzyme Q10 in patients with load-induced contractility depression. In: Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1994) Littarru G.P., Battino M., Folkers K. (Eds) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Vol.15 (Supplement), pp S149-S154.
46. Langsjoen P. H., Langsjoen P. H., Willis R., Folkers K. (1994) Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10. In: Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1994) Littarru G.P., Battino M. , Folkers K. (Eds) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Vol. 15 (Supplement), pp S287-S294.
47. Pihko H., Saarinen U., and Paetau A. (1989) Wernicke encephalopathy - a preventable cause of death: Report of 2 children with malignant disease. Pediatric Neurology vol. 5 no. 4, pp 237-242.
48. Hansen I.L. (1976) Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. Gingival leucocytic deficiencies of coenzyme Q10 in patients with periodontal disease. In: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, vol. 14, no. 4, pp 729-738.
49. Iwamoto Y., Watanabe T., Okamoto H., Ohata N., Folkers K. Clinical effect of coenzyme Q10 on periodontal disease. In: Folkers, K., Yamamura, Y., (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10, (1981) vol. 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 109-119.
50. Folkers K., Langsjoen P. H., et al. (1988) Biochemical deficiencies of coenzyme Q10 in HIV-infection and the exploratory treatment. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications vol. 153, no. 2, pp 888-896.
51. Langsjoen P. H., Langsjoen P. H., Folkers K., Richardson P. Treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection with coenzyme Q10. In: Folkers K., Littarru G.P., and Yamagami, T., (eds) Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, (1991) vol. 6, pp 409-415.
52. Cortes E.P, Mohinder G., Patel M., Mundia A., and Folkers K. Study of Administration of coenzyme Q10 to Adriamycin treated cancer patients. In:Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1977). Folkers K., Yamamura Y. (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 267-273.
53. Combs A.B., Faria D.T., Leslie S.W., and Bonner H.W. (1981) Effect of coenzyme Q10 on Adriamycin induced changes in myocardial calcium. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, vol. 3 Folkers, K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 137-144.
54. Judy W.V. Hall J., H., Dugan W., Toth P.D., and Folkers K. Coenzyme Q10 reduction of Adriamycin toxicity. In: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1983), vol. 4 Folkers K., Yamamura Y., (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 231-241.
55. Lockwood K., Moesgaard S., Yamamoto T., Folkers K. Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 Jul 6;212(1):172-7.
56. Lockwood K., Moesgaard S., Hanioka T., Folkers K. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk' patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s231-40.
57. Lockwood K., Moesgaard S., Folkers K. Partial and complete regression of breast cancer in patients in relation to dosage of coenzyme Q10. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994 Mar 30;199(3):1504-8.
58. Folkers K., Brown R., Judy W.V., and Morita M. (1993) Survival of cancer patients on therapy with coenzyme Q10. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., Ms. No. G-8658.
59. Mellstedt H., Osterborg A., Nylander M., Morita M., and Folkers K. A deficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in conventional cancer therapy and blood levels of CoQ10 in cancer patients in Sweden. In: Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1994) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, in print.
60. Bowry V.W., Mohr D., Cleary J., Stocker R. (1995) Prevention of tocopherol-mediated peroxidation in ubiquinol-10-free human low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 1995 Mar 17;270(11):5756-63.
61. Ingold K.U., Bowry V.W., Stocker R., Walling C. (1993) Autoxidation of lipids and antioxidation by alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol in homogeneous solution and in aqueous dispersions of lipids: unrecognized consequences of lipid particle size as exemplified by oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Jan 1;90(1):45-9.
62. Sun I.L., Sun E.E., Crane F.L., Morre, V.J., Lindgren A., and Low H. Requirement for coenzyme Q in plasma membrane electron transport. In: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U SA 89, 11126-11130 (1992).
63. Linnane A.W., Zhang C., Baumer A., Nagley P. (1992) Mitochondrial DNA mutation and the aging process: bioenergy and pharmacological intervention. Mutation Research 275, pp. 195-208.
64. Martinius R.D., Linnane A.W., Nagley P. (1993) Growth of human namalwa cells lacking oxidative phosphorylation can be sustained by redox compounds potassium ferricyanide or coenzyme Q10 putatively acting through the plasma membrane oxidase. In: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Internat. 31, 997-1005.
65. Lawin A., Martinius R.D., McMullen G., Nagley P., Vaillant F., Wolvetang E. J., Linnane A.W. The universality of bioenergetic disease: The role of mitochondrial DNA mutation and the putative inter-relationship between mitochondria and plasma membrane NADH oxidases. In: Eighth International Symposium on Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (1994) Littarru G.P., Battino M. , Folkers K. (Eds) The Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Vol. 15 (Supplement), pp S13-S27.

Required blood levels of CoQ10

1. Bliznakof, E. and Hunt, G., The Miracle Nutrient Coenzyme Q1O, Bantam, 1987.
2. Folkers, K, et al, Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q (Vols 1-4) Elsevier Science Publishers, 1977, 1980,1981, 1984.
3. Mohr, Detlef, et al, "Dietary Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 Results in Increased Levels of Ubiquinol-10 within Circulating Lipoproteins and Increased Resistance of Human Low-Density Lipoprotein to the Initiation of Lipid Peroxidation", Biochimica Et Biophysica ACTS, 1992;1126:247-254.
4. Langsjoen, P., et al, "Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of CoEnzyme Q10 Therapy for Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy", Amer. Jrnl. of Cardiology, 2/5/90; (65)521-523.
5. Kato, T., et al, "Reduction of blood viscosity by treatment with coenzyme Q10 in patients with ischemic heart disease Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. ther. Toxicol., 28(3):123-126, 1990
6. Lockwood, K., Moesgaard, S., Flokers, K., "Partial and Complete Regression of Breast Cancer in Patients in Relation to Dosage of CoEnzyme Q10" Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 199, No. 3:1504-1508, 1994.
7. Coghlan, A., "Vitamin E Could Reduce Heart Disease", New Scientist, May 25, 1991;24.
8. Folkers, K., "Therapy with coenzyme Q10 of patients in heart failure who are eligible or ineligible for a transplant", Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Jan. 15, 1992;182(1):247-253.
9. Folkers, K., Judy, W., Baggio, E., Lamperitico, M., Langsjoen, P., et al, "Coenzyme Q10", Clinical Investigator, 1993; 71 (8 Suppl.).
10. Carper, Jean, Stop Aging Now! Harper Collins, New York, 1995.

Cardiomyopathy

1. Johnson RA et al.: An occidental case of cardiomyopathy and selenium deficiency. (1981)
2. Burt MJ et al.: Iron and coronary heart disease :editorial, see comments: (1993)
3. Ikram H et al.: The role of selenium deficiency in occidental dilated cardiomyopathy. (1989)
4. Levander OA et al.: Interacting nutritional and infectious etiologies of Keshan disease. Insights from coxsackie virus B-induced myocarditis (1997)
5. Levin B: Coenzyme Q: clinical monograph (1994)
6. Svendsen JH et al.: Oxygenderiverede frie radikaler i kardiologien (1993)

Taurine

1. Azuma J et al.: Usefulness of Taurine in chronic congestive heart failure and its protective application (1992)

Carnitine

1. Kondrup J et al.: Endomyocardial levels of free and total carnitine in patients with cardiomyopathy (1989)
2. Vikre-J>rgensen J: Kardiomyopati for?rsaget af karnitinmangel [identisk med A-2035] (1993)
3. Atar D et al.: Konsensuskonferenz ?ber die therapeutische Wirkung von L-Karnitin bei Patienten mit Myokardisch"mie (1998)
4. Arenas J et al.: Effects of L-carnitine on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activities in muscle of (1994)
5. Arenas J et al.: Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: effects of physical exercise, training, and L-carn (1991)
6. Atar D et al.: Konsensuskonferenz ?ber die therapeutische Wirkung von L-Karnitin bei Patienten mit Myokardisch"mie (1998)
7. Atar D et al.: Carnitine--from cellular mechanisms to potential clinical applications in heart disease. [Review] [24 refs] (1997)
8. B"hring R et al.: GABA-activated chloride currents of postnatal mouse retinal ganglion cells are blocked by acetylcholine and acetylcarnit (1994)
9. Bartels GL et al.: Effects of L-propionylcarnitine on ischemia-induced myocardial dysfunction in men with angina pectoris. (1994)
10. Beltz SD et al.: Efficacy of nutritional supplements used by athletes. (1993)
11. Bertelli A et al.: Carnitine and coenzyme Q10: biochemical properties and functions, synergism and complementary action. (1990)
12. Bertelli A et al.: Protective synergic effect of coenzyme Q10 and carnitine on hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. (1990)
13. Bertelli A et al.: L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 protective action against ischaemia and reperfusion of working rat heart. (1992)
14. Borum PR et al.: Carnitine (1991)
15. Borum PR: Changing perspective of carnitine function and the need for exogenous carnitine of patients treated with hemodialysis (1996)
16. Brevetti G et al.: Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: a double-blind, c (1988)
17. Cerretelli P et al.: L-carnitine supplementation in humans. The effects on physical performance. (1990)
18. Clarkson PM: Nutrition for improved sports performance. Current issues on ergogenic aids. (1996)
19. Clarkson PM: Nutritional egogenic aids: carnitine (1992)
20. Colombani P et al.: Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on physical performance and energy metabolism of endurance-trained athle (1996)
21. Conte A et al.: Protection of adenylate pool and energy charge by CoQ10 and L-carnitine during energy depletion in rat heart slices (1990)
22. Conte A et al.: Synergic effects of L-carnitine and CoQ10 on long-chain fatty acid metabolism and on protection against anthracyclin (1990)
23. Cooper MB et al.: The effect of marathon running on carnitine metabolism and on some aspects of muscle mitochondrial activities and antio (1986)
24. Dragan AM et al.: Studies concerning some acute biological changes after endovenous administration of 1 g l-carnitine, in elite athl (1987)
25. Dragan GI et al.: Studies concerning the ergogenic value of protein supply and l-carnitine in elite junior cyclists. (1988)
26. Dragan GI et al.: Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitine on some biological parameters in elite athletes. (1987)
27. Dragan IG et al.: Studies concerning chronic and acute effects of L-carnitina in elite athletes. (1989)
28. F"hrenbach R et al.: Der Einfluss von L-Carnitin auf den Lipidstoffwechsel von Hochleistungssportlern (1993)
29. Fritz IB et al.: Sites of action of carnitine and its derivatives on the cardiovascular system: interactions with membranes.(1993)
30. Grant JE et al.: Analysis of dietary intake and selected nutrient concentrations in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.(1996)
31. Grunewald KK et al.: Commercially marketed supplements for bodybuilding athletes. (1993)
32. Heinonen OJ: Carnitine and physical exercise. (1996)
33. Johnston CS et al.: Vitamin C depletion is associated with alterations in blood histamine and plasma free carnitine in adults. (1996)
34. Kanter MM et al.: Antioxidants, carnitine, and choline as putative ergogenic aids. (1995)
35. Kondrup J et al.: Endomyocardial levels of free and total carnitine in patients with cardiomyopathy (1989)
36. Kuratsune H et al.: Acylcarnitine deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome. (1994)
37. Lohninger A et al.: Carnitine, metabolism and function (1987)
38. Luft R et al.: Mitochondrial medicine. [Review] [119 refs] (1995)
39. Marcus R et al.: Water-soluble vitamins: the vitamin B complex and ascorbic acid (1996)
40. McCarty MF: Fish oil and other nutritional adjuvants for treatment of congestive heart failure. (1996)
41. McCarty MF: The unique merits of a low-fat diet for weight control. (1986)
42. McCarty MF: Promotion of hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis as a strategy for appetite control. (1994)
43. McCarty MF: Nitric oxide deficiency, leucocyte activation, and resultant ischemia are crucial to the pathogenesis of diabetic (1998)
44. Mortensen SA et al.: Myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and carnitine in cardiomyopathy. Biochemical rationale for concomitant CoQ10 (1991)
45. M?ller-Tyl E et al.: Wirkung von Carnitin auf Spermienzahl und Spermienmotilit"t (1988)
46. Pettegrew JW et al.: Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. (1995)
47. Plioplys AV et al.: Serum levels of carnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical correlates. (1995)
48. Plioplys AV et al.: Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. (1997)
49. Remme WJ: Congestive heart failure. Drug therapy: central or peripheral approach? (1993)
50. Shigenaga MK et al.: Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. (1994)
51. Thal LJ et al.: A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease (1996)
52. Vikre-J>rgensen J: Kardiomyopati for?rsaget af karnitinmangel [identisk med A-2035] (1993)
53. Vikre-J>rgensen J: Kardiomyopati for?rsaget af karnitinmangel. (1993)

Co-enzym Q10

1. Manzoli U et al.: Coenzyme Q10 in dilated cardiomyopathy. (1990)
2. Momomura SI et al.: Coenzyme Q10 attenuates progression of cardiac disease in cardiomyopathic hamsters (1991) Morgan-Hughes JA et al.: Mitochondrial myopathies - Results of exploratory therapeutic trials (1984)
3. Mortensen SA et al.: Effectiveness of coQ10 to treat patients with cardiomyopathy and CoQ levels in blood and endomyocardial biopsies (1984)
4. Mortensen SA et al.: Myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and carnitine in cardiomyopathy. Biochemical rationale for concomitant CoQ10 (1991)
5. Oda T: Recovery of load-induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunc- tion by coenzyme Q10: Echocardiographic study (1993)
6. Permanetter B et al.: Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) in the long-term treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (1992)
7. Poggesi L et al.: Effect of coenzyme Q10 on left ventricular function in patients with dilative cardiomyopathy (1991) Sinatra ST: Refractory congestive heart failure successfully managed high dose coenzyme Q10 administration (1997)
8. Wilson MF et al.: Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy by coenzyme Q10; evaluation of benefits by nuclear cardiography (1984)
9. Azuma J et al.: Effect of coenzyme Q10 on myocardial injury induced by isoprotenerol and by calcium paradox (1986)
10. Kisimoto C et al.: The protection of coenzyme Q10 against experimental viral myocarditis in mice (1986)
11. Keogh A et al.: Coenzyme Q10 in class II and III dilated cardiomyopathy (1998)
12. Kotake C et al.: Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on thyrotoxic heart in rabbits (1986)
13. Kucharsk J et al.: Deficit of coenzyme Q homologues in mitochondrial diabetic cardiomyopathy development: an experimental study (1998)
14. Langsjoen PH et al.: Long-term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.(1990)
15. Langsjoen PH et al.: Increase of survival of patients with cardiomyopathy when treated with coenzyme Q10 and conventional therapy (1990)
16. Langsjoen PH et al.: A six-year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. (1990)
17. Langsjoen PH et al.: The long-term value of coenzyme Q10 in patients with cardiomyopathy (1986)
18. Langsjoen PH et al.: Long-term efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 therapy for idiopathic dilated cardimyopathy (1991)
19. Langsjoen PH et al.: Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with CoQ10 (1996)
20. Langsjoen PH et al.: Effective and safe therapy with coenzyme Q10 for cardiomyopathy. (1988)
21. Langsjoen PH et al.: Treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10 (1997)
22. Drzewoski J et al.: The effect of coenzyme Q10 and doxorubicin upon hemodynamic parameters in rabbits (1984)
23. Ern'ringsr?det et al.: Effekt og sikkerhed af kosttilskud indeholdende Q10: en rapport fra Ern'ringsr?det (1997)
24. Folkers K et al.: Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. (1985)
25. Folkers K et al.: Restoration of impaired cardiac function of patients with diverse muscular dystrophies by therapy with CoQ10 (1989)
26. Frustaci A et al.: Blood and myocardial levels of ubiquinone in dilated cardiomyopathy: A biochemical approach to CoQ10 therapy (1986)
27. Gvozdj kov A et al.: Captopril increased the left ventricular mitochondrial coenzyme Q10 level, respiratory chain and energy production (1998)
28. (symposium) et al.: Gand?a Statement 1 October 1993 (1993)
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